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It's only common sense that you should have some understanding of first-aid if you are undertaking a mountain bike ride which involves rough terrain.

Groups of riders stand a bigger chance of crashing into each other, so why not learn some of the basic first-aid tips. You never know it may one day save someone's life, or even yours.

	DID YOU KNOW >'6' short blasts on a whistle, followed by one minute's silence is the recognised sound for International Distress Signals.

Now the next time you venture out on a remote ride, take a new friend with you, a whistle.

Remember to strap it to your kit . . . . . . 'It could save a life'

Hypothermia	Dislocation	Bleeding	Frostbite


Shock	Heat stroke	Heat exhaustion	Bust collar bone

	HYPOTHERMIA Exposure Is The Most Common Cause For Rescue Call-Outs:

WHAT TO DO NEXT
STOP,
Do not carry on in the vain attempt of finding shelter.
Warp the victim in extra clothing & put them in a survival bag.
(with someone else if possible)
Warm up the victim with body heat & a warm drink if possible.
Easy to digest foods like energy gel will help the victim, make sure not drowsy.
Cheer the victim up low moral is a contributory factor.
Rest the victim for prolonged periods.
(If in doubt about victims ability to recover send for help)
Do not:
Rub the victim to restore blood circulation.
Do not:
Give the victim alcohol it may cause collapse.
In extreme cases the victims sometimes stop breathing so be prepared to give mouth-to-mouth, & if the victims lose consciousness place them in the recovery position.
Seek medical help:

	'LOOK OUT FOR' Complaints of fatigue Visual abnormalities Lethargy Lack of interest Cold Clammy skin Skin pale in colour Slurred speech Cramps Clumsiness Odd behaviour Odd character actions Collapse

	FROSTBITE Long Downhill's And Winds In The Winter Are Common Causes:

WHAT TO DO NEXT
STOP,
Do not carry on riding.
Warm the affected area with additional body heat only.
Toes/hands are commonly affected areas.
Toes & hands can be placed in the armpits or crotch.
Face can be covered with dry gloved hands.
Remove rings, watches, boots etc to ensure free blood flow.
Do not:
Rub the affected area.
Do not:
Apply heat from an artificial source.
Do not:
Use a revitalized limb or the affected tissue will tear.
Seek medical help:

	'LOOK OUT FOR' Prickling pains Numbness Skin may discolour Skin may go blue Skin may go white Skin may feel hard

	HEAT EXHAUSTION Common During Periods Of Sustained Hard Work:

WHAT TO DO NEXT
STOP,
Do not carry on riding.
Shade the victim.
(find a cool spot & lay the victim down)
Apply cold drinks of water.
(slightly salted & with sugar if possible will help)
Seek medical help:

	'LOOK OUT FOR' Pale & sweaty skin Complain of dizziness Fatigue & headache / Cramps Rapid but weak pulse Shallow breathing / Fainting

	HEAT STROKE This Is Server Heat Exhaustion:
	HEAT STROKE This Is Server Heat Exhaustion:

WHAT TO DO NEXT
STOP,
Do not carry on riding.
Cool the victim down by placing them in the shade & removing clothing.
Bathe the victims body in water until their body temperature drops & they appear to recover.
Seek medical help immediately:

	'LOOK OUT FOR' Restlessness Often passing of urine Complain of dizziness Complain of headache Hot flushed dry skin Rapid strong pulse / Fainting

	SHOCK This Is Present In Almost All Cases Of Traumatic Accidents:

WHAT TO DO NEXT
STOP,
Do not carry on riding.
Reassure the victim.
External bleeding or other injuries should be treated simultaneously.
Lie the victim down & keep warm, avoid unnecessary movement.
Turn the victims head to one side & raise the feet, loosen tight clothing.
Do not:
Give food or drink to the victim.
Do not:
Apply heat from an artificial source.
Do not:
Allow the victim to smoke.
Seek medical help immediately:

	'LOOK OUT FOR' Pale & pallid skin Especially the lips Rapid weak pulse Rapid shallow breath Cold sweaty skin Complain of dizziness Blurred vision Restlessness Yawning Pronounced sighing / Fainting

	DISLOCATION Elbows, Shoulders, & Knee Joints All Take A Pounding:

WHAT TO DO NEXT
STOP,
Do not carry on riding.
Support the injured limb in a comfortable position.
Do not:
Move the injured limb. (twisting & turning)
Do not:
Move the injured joint or limb unnecessarily.
Seek medical help immediately:

	'LOOK OUT FOR' Deformity of the joint Joints don't match up Swelling around joints Lack of mobility Severe pain with joint

	BUST COLLAR BONE The Most Common Mountain Biking Fracture:
	BUST COLLAR BONE The Most Common Mountain Biking Fracture:

WHAT TO DO NEXT
STOP,
Do not carry on riding.
Position arm of injured side with fingers up towards the opposite shoulder.
Palm flat against the body. (so far as the victim will allow)
Place soft padding between the upper arm & body.
Support the arm in some kind of sling. (with the good shoulder)
Do not:
Move the injured joint or limb unnecessarily.
Seek medical help immediately:

	'LOOK OUT FOR' Supporting injury Arm against the body Head leaning to injury Lack of mobility Swelling on shoulder Pissed Off!

	BLEEDING This Occurs After Deep Incision Or Laceration In The Skin:

WHAT TO DO NEXT
STOP,
Do not carry on riding.
Aim to control the bleeding & minimize the risk of infection.
Expose the wound & look for foreign bodies.
Apply direct pressure to control blood loss. (use your fingers or palm)
If no dressing is available use your own kit or the victims or hands.
If the bleeding continues, do not remove the dressing.
Apply new dressing on top of the old.
Do not:
Apply indirect pressure for any longer than 10 minutes.
Seek medical help immediately:

	'LOOK OUT FOR' Evidence of blood loss Symptoms of shock Signs of shock Victim feeling faint Face & lips pale Skin feels cold Skin feels clammy Pulse faster but weaker Complaining of thirst

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