HYPOTHERMIA Exposure Is The Most Common Cause For Rescue Call-Outs: LOOK OUT FOR > Complaints of fatigue, Visual abnormalities, Lethargy, Lack of interest, Cold Clammy skin, Skin pale in colour, Slurred speech, Cramps, Clumsiness, Odd behaviour, Out of character actions, Collapse.

STOP, Do not carry on in the vain attempt of finding shelter. Warp the victim in extra clothing & put them in a survival bag. (with someone else if possible) Warm up the victim with body heat & a warm drink if possible. Easy to digest foods like energy gel will help provided the victim is not to drowsy. Cheer the victim up low moral is a contributory factor. Rest the victim for prolonged periods. (If in doubt about victims ability to recover send for help) Do not: Rub the victim to restore blood circulation. Do not: Give the victim alcohol it may cause collapse. In extreme cases the victims sometimes stop breathing so be prepared to give mouth-to-mouth, & if the victims lose consciousness place them in the recovery position. Seek medical help:

FROSTBITE Long Downhill's And Winds In The Winter Are Common Causes: LOOK OUT FOR > Prickling pains, Numbness, Skin may discolour, Skin may go blue or white, Skin may feel hard.

STOP, Do not carry on riding. Warm the affected area with additional body heat only. Toes & hands are commonly affected areas & can be placed in the armpits or crotch. Face can be covered with dry gloved hands. Remove rings, watches, boots etc to ensure free blood flow. Do not: rub the affected area. Do not: apply heat from an artificial source. Do not: use a revitalized limb or the affected tissue will tear. Seek medical help:

HEAT EXHAUSTION Common During Periods Of Sustained Hard Work: LOOK OUT FOR > Pale & sweaty skin, Complaints of dizziness, Fatigue & headache, Cramps, Rapid but weak pulse, Shallow breathing, Fainting.

STOP, Do not carry on riding. Shade the victim (find a cool spot & lay the victim down) Apply cold drinks of water (slightly salted & with sugar if possible will help) Seek medical help:

HEAT STROKE This Is Server Heat Exhaustion: LOOK OUT FOR > Restlessness, Frequent passing of urine, Complaints of dizziness, Complaints of headache, Hot flushed dry skin, Rapid strong pulse, Fainting.

STOP, Do not carry on riding. Cool the victim down by placing them in the shade & removing clothing. Bathe the victims body in water until their body temperature drops & they appear to recover. Seek medical help immediately:

SHOCK This Is Present In Almost All Cases Of Traumatic Accidents: LOOK OUT FOR > Pale & pallid skin, Especially the lips, Rapid weak pulse, Rapid shallow breathing, Cold sweaty skin, Complaints of dizziness & blurred vision, Restlessness, Yawning, Pronounced sighing, Fainting.

STOP, Do not carry on riding. Reassure the victim, External bleeding or other injuries should be treated simultaneously. Lie the victim down & keep warm, avoid unnecessary movement. Turn the victims head to one side & raise the feet, loosen tight clothing. Do not: Give food or drink to the victim Do not: Apply heat from an artificial source. Do not: Allow the victim to smoke. Seek medical help immediately:

DISLOCATION The Main Areas Elbows, Shoulders, & Knee Joints they All Take A Pounding: LOOK OUT FOR > Deformity of the joint, (joints do not match other one) Swelling around the joint, Lack of mobility, Severe pain associated with the joint.